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Exhibit 3
FILED: ALBANY COUNTY CLERK 11/05/2026 04:54 PM
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SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK
COUNTY OF ALBANY
--------------------------------------------------------X
In the Matter of the Application of
GILLIO LOPES, DIEGO SARABIA,
SCOTT KRETZSCHMAR, WINSTON LEE,
and SCOTT NORRIS,
Petitioners,
FOR A JUDGMENT PURSUANT TO
ARTICLE 78 AND SECTION 3001 OF THE
CPLR
-against-
KATHLEEN (“KATHY”) M. HOCHUL, in
her official capacity as Governor of the State
of New York, and LETITIA JAMES, in her
official capacity as Attorney General of the
State of New York, MATTHEW INGALLS,
and JOHNATHAN NEWELL,
Respondents.
--------------------------------------------------------X
Index No.: 911974-26
PROPOSED AMENDED
VERIFIED PETITION
Petitioners Gillio Lopes, Diego Sarabia, Scott Kretzschmar, Winston Lee, and Scott Norris,
by and through his attorneys Nesenoff & Miltenberg, LLPtheir counsel, as and for theirhis Verified
Petition against Respondents Governor Kathleen (“Kathy”) M. Hochul, and Attorney General
Letitia James, Matthew Ingalls, and Johnathan Newell, respectfully alleges as follows:
INTRODUCTION
1.
This is a special proceeding brought against New York Governor Kathleen
(“Kathy”) M. Hochul (“Governor Hochul”) pursuant to Article 78 of the Civil Practice Law and
Rules (“CPLR”), to void her appointment of New York Attorney General Letitia James to serve
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as Special Prosecutor in the case of Cornell male students alleged to have engaged in, or had
knowledge of, the sexual assault of a female student.
2.
On September 16, 2026, a former female student ofat Cornell University (“Jane
Doe”) initiated a complaint in the Supreme Court, County of New York, Civil Action No.
161704/2026, titled Jane Doe v. Cornell University, Inc., et al., against multiple parties including
the Petitioners (the “Civil Case”).
3.
In the complaint, Jane Doe alleges that on October 19-20, 2024, she was coerced to
consume alcohol and drugs and repeatedly sexually assaulted throughout the evening and early
morning hours by seven different students, at a fraternity house on Cornell’s campus.
4.
The Civil Case gained immediate and widespread national attention, resulting in
daily reporting in the media, commentary on social media, and outrage by the public over how
Cornell, the University Police Department, and the Tompkins County District Attorney handled
the allegations when first brought to their attention in the fall of 2024.
5.
In response to this growing and immense pressure and scrutiny, on October 1, 2026,
Governor Hochul appointed New York Attorney General Letitia James (“Attorney General
James”) to serve as Special Prosecutor to investigate the allegations and prosecute any offenses
arising from such investigation.
6.
The appointment of Attorney General James is improper as Attorney General James
has unequivocally demonstrated a bias and presumption of guilt against the defendants named in
the Civil Case, including Petitioner.
7.
Specifically, three days prior to her appointment as Special Prosecutor, on
September 28, 2026 at 6:13pm, Attorney General James posted to the Attorney General’s official
social media platform X’s account: “What this young woman has been forced to endure is horrific
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and unacceptable. I’m holding her in my heart and in my prayers. To her, and to all survivors:
you’re not alone. We stand with you.”
8.
Through this official public statement, Attorney General James has made clear that
she has formed an opinion about the case, that she believes the allegations made by Jane Doe, and
that she has already reached the conclusion that Petitioners and the other named Defendants are
guilty.
9.
Accordingly, because Attorney General James is not and cannot remain neutral in
investigating this matter, there is a substantial likelihood of prejudice to Petitioners if Attorney
General James is permitted to remain on as Special Prosecutor.
10.
For the reasons that follow, Governor Hochul’s appointment of Attorney General
James as Special Prosecutor in the investigation of the Cornell matter must be voided.
THE PARTIES
11.
Petitioner Gillio Lopes is a natural person and a resident of a State of other than
New York.
12.
Upon information and belief, Petitioner Diego Sarabia is a natural person and a
resident of a State other than New York.
13.
Upon information and belief, Petitioner Scott Kretzschmar is a natural person and
a resident of a State other than New York.
14.
Upon information and belief, Petitioner Winston Lee is a natural person and a
resident of New York.
11.15. Upon information and belief, Petitioner Scott Norris is a natural person and a
resident of New York.
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12.16. Respondent Kathleen Hochul is the Governor of the State of New York, and a
natural person and resident of the State of New York.
17.
Respondent Letitia James is the Attorney General of the State of New York, and a
natural person and resident of the State of New York.
18.
Respondent Matthew Ingalls is a natural person whose residence is unknown.
13.19. Upon information and belief, Respondent Johnathan Newell is a natural person and
resident of a State other than New York.
JURISDICTION AND VENUE
14.20. This Court has jurisdiction pursuant to CPLR §§ 7801 et seq. to review whether a
body or officer proceeded, is proceeding or is about to proceed without or in excess of jurisdiction.
15.21. Venue is proper pursuant to CPLR §§ 7804 and 506(b) because the actions of the
Respondent challenged here occurred within this judicial district and the Respondent’s principal
place of business is within this judicial district.
FACTUAL ALLEGATIONS COMMON TO ALL CLAIMS
16.22. On September 16, 2026, a former female student ofat Cornell University Jane Doe
initiated a complaint in the Supreme Court, County of New York, against the Petitioners, six as
well as two other male Cornell students or former students, Cornell University, the male student’s
fraternity, Doe’s sorority, and a bar and nightclub in Ithaca, New York. Exhibit 1 (ECF No. 4).
17.23. In the complaint, Jane Doe alleges that on October 19-20, 2024, she was coerced to
consume alcohol and drugs and repeatedly sexually assaulted throughout the evening and early
morning hours by seven different students, at a fraternity house on Cornell’s campus, while she
was incapacitated.
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18.24. On or about November 8, 2024, Doe reported the incident to the Cornell University
Police Department. No criminal charges were pursued at that time.
19.25. On or about January 14, 2025, Cornell initiated a Title IX investigation arising from
Doe’s complaint.
20.26. Cornell thereafter investigated the matter, from approximately January 2025
through May of 2025, concluding with a hearing that spanned twelve and a half days.
21.27. Following the hearing, the student respondents were found responsible for at least
one violation of Cornell’s conduct policies and were assigned sanctions ranging from probationary
periods and campus bans up through permanent expulsions.
22.28. More than a year later, on September 16, 2026, Plaintiff commenced the Civil Case,
which includes claims against Petitioners, for including for sexual assault and sexual battery.
23.29. Immediately following the filing of Doe’s complaint, the Civil Case began to gain
widespread national attention and interest, resulting in daily reporting in the media, commentary
across various social media platforms, and outrage by the public over how Cornell, the University
Police Department, and the Tompkins County District Attorney handled the allegations when first
brought to their attention in the fall of 2024. Exhibit 2 (ECF No. 5)..
24.30. Questions emerged about the University Police Department and District Attorney’s
handling of Doe’s claims back in the fall of 2024, eventually drawing the attention of the Governor
of New York.
25.31. On or about September 28, 2026, Tompkins County District Attorney Matthew Van
Houten indicated that his office would be reopening the case involving Doe’s allegations and
would bring the matter to a grand jury to determine if charges are warranted.
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26.32. Van Houten noted that the allegations brought in the Civil CaseCase, however, were
significantly different than what Doe had initially reported to police in 2024. Exhibit 3 (ECF No.
6)..
27.33. Following Van Houten’s announcement, on October 1, 2026, Governor Hochul
issued a statement in which she expressed that the initial decision by Tompkins County District
Attorney Matthew Van Houten not to prosecute the case and questions surrounding the Cornell
University Police Department’s actions have “undercut [her] faith, and the public’s faith, in the
district attorney’s ability to effectively investigate and prosecute the case at this time.”
28.34. Thus, in response to this growing and immense pressure and scrutiny, Governor
Hochul announced that she was issuing an Executive Order appointing New York Attorney
General Letitia James (“Attorney General James”) to serve as special prosecutor to “investigate
this incident and, if warranted, prosecute any offenses arising from that investigation and present
evidence to a grand jury.” Exhibit 4. (ECF No,.No. 7).
29.35. Per the Executive Order, Governor Hochul assigned the Special Prosecutor “the
powers and duties specified in subdivision 2 of section 63 of the Executive Law…” and noted the
“Special Prosecutor’s jurisdiction will displace and supersede the jurisdiction of the Tompkins
County District Attorney…” Exhibit 5. (ECF No,.No. 8).
30.36. The Executive Order further indicated that the Special Prosecutor “shall conduct a
full, reasoned, and independent investigation including, but not limited to, gathering and analyzing
evidence, conducting witness interviews, and reviewing investigative reports, scientific reports,
and audio and video recordings…” Exhibit 5. (ECF No. 8).
31.37. However, the October 1st appointment of Attorney General James was highly
improper as Attorney General James had previously, on September 28th, unequivocally
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demonstrated a bias and presumption of guilt against the defendants named in the Civil Case,
including Petitioners.
32.38. Specifically, on September 28, 20262026, at 6:13pm, Attorney General James
posted to the Attorney General’s official social media platform X’s account: “What this young
woman has been forced to endure is horrific and unacceptable. I’m holding her in my heart and in
my prayers. To her, and to all survivors: you’re not alone. We stand with you.” Exhibit 6. (ECF
No. 9).
33.39. Through this public statement, Attorney General James has made clear that she has
already: (i) formed an opinion about the case, (ii) that she believes the allegations made by Jane
Doe against Petitioners and others, andothers and considers Doe to be a victim; and (iii) she has
formulated opinions about Petitioners’s and the other defendants’ guilt, before she has even begun
the task of investigating the incident.
34.40. Her own words indisputably establish that Attorney General James is not and
cannot remain neutral in investigating this matter and determining whether to prosecute. Allowing
her to remain in the role asof Special Prosecutor will result in substantial prejudice toagainst
Petitioners, as well as the other named defendants.
35.41. Thus, pursuant to CPLR § 7803(2), Governor Hochul’s appointment of Attorney
General James as Special Prosecutor in the investigation of the Cornell matter must be voided.
ARGUMENT
I.
The Governor’s Designation of Attorney General James as Special Prosecutor
Warrants Prohibition Under CPLR 7803(2).
36.42. Petitioners seeks review of Respondent’s October 1, 20262026, designation of
Attorney General Letitia James as Special Prosecutor to investigate and, if warranted, prosecute
the allegations underlying the Civil Case. Executive Order No. 64 invokes Executive Law § 63(2)
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and supersedes the Tompkins County District Attorney with respect to that matter. Petitioners
challenges the designation insofar as it places investigative and prosecutorial discretion in the
hands of an official who has already publicly endorsed Plaintiff Jane Doe’s account. Exhibits 5,
6. (ECF Nos. 8 and 9).
37.43. Executive Law § 63(2) authorizes the Governor to require the Attorney General to
exercise prosecutorial powers otherwise belonging to a district attorney. Petitioners acknowledges
that Matter of Johnson v. Pataki, 91 N.Y.2d 214, 223–226 (1997), recognizes broad superseder
authority and generally limits judicial review to whether constitutional or statutory authority exists,
rather than how lawful discretion is exercised. Petitioners does not challenge the Governor’s
general power to supersede the Tompkins County District Attorney.
38.44. Petitioners instead challenges Attorney General James’s qualification to exercise
that authority personally in this matter, based upon her public statement concerning the very
allegations she was subsequently assigned to investigate. Petitioners submits that the prosecutorial
disqualification principles discussed below impose a limitation upon her participation
notwithstanding the Governor’s general superseder authority. Petitioners recognizes, however, that
whether this asserted limitation supports relief under CPLR 7803(2) before prosecution presents a
threshold question distinct from the merits of the disqualification claim.
39.45. New York imposes an increased standard for judicial disqualification of a public
prosecutor. Ordinarily, removal requires actual prejudice arising from a demonstrated conflict of
interest, or a substantial risk that an attorney will misuse confidences. People v. Adams, 20 N.Y.3d
608, 612 (2013); Matter of Schumer v. Holtzman, 60 N.Y.2d 46, 55 (1983). The standard refers to
the “opportunity for abuse of confidences entrusted to [an] attorney.” People v. Shinkle, 51 N.Y.2d
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417, 420 (1980). In general, “[t]he objector should demonstrate actual prejudice or so substantial
a risk thereof as could not be ignored.” Schumer, 60 N.Y.2d at 55.
40.46. There is a narrow exception in which an exceptionally serious appearance of
impropriety warrants disqualification, including where the record objectively calls into question
whether prosecutorial discretion is being exercised evenhandedly and on legitimate grounds. See
Adams, 20 N.Y.3d at 612–613.
41.47. Indeed, in rare circumstances, an exceptionally serious appearance of impropriety
may warrant disqualification. Adams, 20 N.Y.3d at 612–14. That inquiry includes whether the
record supplies an objective basis to question whether prosecutorial discretion is being exercised
evenhandedly, according to the merits and legitimate prosecutorial considerations. Id. at 613.
Although Adams involved evidence of disparate treatment arising from the complainant’s position
as a sitting judge, Petitioners submits that its narrow principle should inform the Court’s
consideration of the circumstances presented here.
42.48. Prohibition is an extraordinary remedy and does not lie merely to correct an alleged
error in the exercise of lawful discretion. The court in Matter of Schumer v. Holtzman, 60 N.Y.2d
46, 53–56 (1983), invalidated a district attorney’s unauthorized delegation of independent
prosecutorial authority before prosecution.
43.49. Schumer therefore distinguishes a defect in the grant of prosecutorial authority from
an insufficiently developed challenge to the prosecutor’s personal qualification. Petitioners
submits that the public statement at issue here presents a concrete qualification question, while
recognizing that Schumer’s adverse holding requires the Court separately to determine whether
that question is presently justiciable.
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44.50. Petitioners submits that the wording of Attorney General James’s post on social
media communicated acceptance of Doe’s account. By describing what Doe “has been forced to
endure” and identifying her with “survivors,” Attorney General James publicly characterized the
alleged experience as an event that had occurred, beforeoccurred before she was entrusted with the
reopened criminal investigation. Exhibit 6. (ECF No. 9).
45.51. While Attorney General James’s statement does not expressly declare Petitioners
guilty, its significance is the apparent credibility judgment it communicates concerning the
complainant whose allegations Attorney General James was subsequently assigned to investigate.
46.52. Attorney General James’s responsibilities under the Executive Order include
evaluating those allegations, considering contradictory or exculpatory evidence, and determining
whether criminal charges against individuals identified in the Civil Case, including Petitioners, are
warranted.
47.53. Petitioners contends that publicly endorsing the complainant’s account before
undertaking those responsibilities creates an objective concern that subsequent decisions may be
influenced by the position Attorney General James has already expressed. The Court should
consider whether that concern, in the context of the appointment and the record as a whole,
amounts to a sufficiently substantial risk of prejudice to warrant limiting her participation.
48.54. Attorney General James’s October 1 statement that her office would conduct the
investigation fully and fairly, guided by the facts and the law, must be considered alongside her
earlier statement in evaluating whether the record supports the asserted risk of prejudgment...
Petitioners submits that the later assurance should be considered together with the earlier
endorsement and the nature of the authority conferred upon her. Exhibit 7. (ECF No. 10).
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49.55. Therefore, the Court should assess whether the record supports a sufficiently
serious risk of prejudice to justify limiting her participation. Exhibit 8. (ECF No. 11).
50.56. While in Matter of Abelove v. Cuomo, 57 Misc. 3d 668, 676–677 (Sup. Ct. Albany
County 2017), the court denied prohibition where the Attorney General was performing a purely
investigative executive function, no prosecution was pending, and prosecutorial qualification
could be challenged if charges were brought. Petitioners seeks review of Attorney General James’s
personal qualification under the designation, rather than review of an individual investigative
decision.
57.
Nevertheless, Petitioners recognizes that this distinction alone does not establish
entitlement to prohibition: the Court must determine whether the challenged conduct involves
present or threatened quasi-judicial action, whether the asserted disqualification constitutes a legal
restriction on authority, and whether an adequate alternative remedy exists.
II.
Alternatively, Petitioners Seeks Review Under CPLR 7803(3), To the Extent Such
Review Is Available.
51.58. Alternatively, and subject to the limitations on review recognized in Johnson,
Petitioners seeks review under CPLR 7803(3) on the grounds that the challenged designation was
affected by an error of law or constituted an abuse of discretion.
52.59. Petitioners does not contend that the ordinary arbitrary-and-capricious standard
independently establishes reviewability of the Governor’s superseder decision. If the Court
determines that review under CPLR 7803(3) is available, Petitioners relyies upon Matter of Pell v.
Board of Education, 34 N.Y.2d 222, 231 (1974), in support of the alternative claim that the
challenged determination lacks a rational basis in the circumstances alleged.
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53.60. Petitioners submits that entrusting the reopened investigation to an official whose
prior public statement demonstratedemonstrates an objective basis to question Attorney General
James’s ability to serve in a neutral manner, is in direct conflict with Respondent’s stated purpose
of restoring confidence in the investigation.
54.61. Accordingly, to the extent review under CPLR 7803(3) is available, Petitioners
submits that the designation should be annulled or modified insofar as it permits Attorney General
James personally to direct the investigation and any resulting prosecution concerning Petitioners.
III.
Petitioners Haves a Direct Interest in the Challenged Designation and Seeks
Protection From a Specific Risk of Prejudice.
55.62. Petitioners are is an individual defendants named in the Civil Case whose alleged
conduct falls within the subject matter of the investigation authorized by Executive Order No. 64.
The designation therefore directly concerns the exercise of investigative and prosecutorial
authority over allegations involving Petitioners.
56.63. The authority conferred by the Executive Order encompasses consequential
decisions concerning the direction of the investigation, the evidence pursued, the assessment of
witnesses, the presentation of evidence to a grand jury, and whether criminal charges should be
brought. Petitioner’s’ claimed harm concerns the risk that those decisions will be influenced by
Attorney General James’s prior public endorsement of Doe’s account.
57.64. That concern extends beyond the ultimate determination of guilt or innocence.
Investigative choices shape the record upon which subsequent decisions are made. Decisions about
which witnesses to interview, which inconsistencies to examine, and which evidence to pursue
may affect the factual basis for a grand jury presentation or charging determination. Petitioners
seeks relief before those discretionary decisions are made under the challenged designation.
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58.65. Prompt resolution would serve the interest in determining whether the official
directing the matter may lawfully continue in that role. Matter of Working Families Party v. Fisher,
23 N.Y.3d 539, 544–547 (2014), recognizes the value of resolving prosecutorial appointment
questions promptly. That case, however, concerned a judicial appointment under County Law §
701 following a district attorney’s request for his own disqualification. Petitioners invokes its
reasoning concerning prompt resolution, while recognizing that it does not independently establish
the availability of pre-prosecution review in this proceeding. Petitioners accordingly requests that
the Court determine whether the circumstances established by the record satisfy the demanding
standard for relief before Attorney General James exercises further investigative or prosecutorial
discretion concerning Petitioners.
IV.
CPLR 7806 Authorizes the Court to Annul or Modify a Challenged Determination.
59.66. If Petitioners establishes entitlement to relief under CPLR 7803, CPLR 7806
authorizes an appropriate judgment, including annulment or modification of a reviewable
determination and an order directing or prohibiting specified action by Respondent.
60.67. Upon a finding that the challenged designation is unlawful or constitutes an
arbitrary and capricious exercise of discretion, Petitioners requests a judgment annulling Executive
Order No. 64 insofar as it authorizes Attorney General James personally to direct the investigation
and any resulting prosecution of Petitioners.
61.68. Alternatively, Petitioners requests modification of the determination to limit
Attorney General James’s personal participation, supervision, and control to the extent warranted
by the Court’s findings, together with remittal to Governor Hochul for reconsideration consistent
with the judgment and applicable law.
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62.69. The requested relief should address the prejudice established by the record while
permitting a lawful investigation and any warranted prosecution to proceed.
V.
Harm to Petitioners
63.70. Petitioners are is an individuals named in the Civil Case whose alleged conduct
falls within the investigation authorized by Executive Order No. 64.
64.71. Attorney General James’s authority encompasses the assessment of witness
credibility, the pursuit of evidence, grand jury presentations, and charging decisions concerning
Petitioners.
65.72. Petitioners contends that Attorney General James’s prior public endorsement of
Doe’s account creates a substantial risk that these decisions will be influenced by prejudgment.
66.73. Moreover, later review may not fully remedy the consequences of investigative
choices and charging decisions already made under the challenged designation.
67.74. Petitioners therefore seeks prompt review before Attorney General James exercises
further investigative or prosecutorial discretion concerning themhim.
AS AND FOR A FIRST CAUSE OF ACTION
JUDGMENT PURSUANT TO CPLR § 7803(2)
68.75. Petitioners repeats and re-alleges each and every allegation above as if fully set
forth herein.
69.76. In appointing Attorney General James to serve as Special Prosecutor in the criminal
investigation of the Cornell matter, Respondent has proceeded and is proceeding in excess of her
jurisdiction, in violation of CPLR 7803(2).
70.77. In appointing Attorney General James to serve as Special Prosecutor in the criminal
investigation of the Cornell matter, Respondent has acted in an arbitrary and capricious manner,
or committed an abuse of discretion, in violation of CPLR 7803(3).
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71.78. On October 1, 2026, Respondent issued Executive Order No. 64, directing Attorney
General James to investigate the allegations underlying the Civil Case and, if warranted, present
evidence to a grand jury and prosecute offenses arising from that investigation.
72.79. Petitioners are is an individual defendants named in the Civil Case whose alleged
conduct falls within the subject matter of the investigation authorized by Executive Order No. 64.
73.80. Before Respondent issued the Executive Order, Attorney General James publicly
addressed Doe’s allegations in the September 28, 20262026, statement quoted above. Petitioners
alleges that the statement endorsed Doe’s account before Attorney General James was entrusted
with the reopened criminal investigation.
74.81. Respondent thereafter designated Attorney General James to exercise investigative
and prosecutorial discretion over the same allegations, including the assessment of Doe’s
credibility and the determination whether charges against Petitioners are warranted.
75.82. Petitioners alleges that Attorney General James’s public endorsement of Doe’s
account creates a substantial risk that her assessment of the evidence and exercise of discretion
will be influenced by the position she publicly expressed before receiving the designation.
76.83. Petitioners alleges that vesting control of the reopened matter in an official who had
publicly endorsed the complainant’s account is inconsistent with the stated purpose of conducting
a fair and full investigation.
77.84. For these reasons, Petitioners alleges that Respondent’s October 1, 20262026,
determination, insofar as it authorizes Attorney General James to direct the investigation and any
resulting prosecution of Petitioners, is in excess of her jurisdiction within the meaning of CPLR
7803(2).
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79.$-For these reasons, Petitionerg also allege* that Respondent's October 7,2Æ62026-
determination, insofar as it authorizes Attorney General James to direct the investigation and any
resulting prosecution of Petitionerg, is arbitrary and capricious and constitutes an abuse of
discretion within the meaning of CPLR 7803(3).
79.8.þ-Pursuant to CPLR 7806, Petitioner! requests a judgment annulling the challenged
determination to that extent or, altematively, modifing it to address Attomey General James's
personal participation and control, and remitting the matter to Respondent for reconsideration
consistent with the Court's judgment.
8S.!Z-Petitioner-s har,-c-x not t+¡a¿dem-a$e a prior application for the relief requested herein.
WHEREFORE, Petitioners. respectfully requests that the Court enter ajudgment and order
declaring:
a) Respondent Governor Hochul's appointment of Attomey General James as Special
Prosecutor in the investigation ofthe Cornell matter is voided; and
b) Respondent Governor Hochul shall appoint a Special Prosecutor who is free f¡om actual
or perceived conflicts of interest or bias against Petitioner-s..-arul-.-1he-o{he+as
individually
named Defendants in the civil action.
Dated: New York, New York
0c.tobcr.l.NelqLtLþg!-í,
2 026
Respectfully Submitted,
T. Milten
r8t
Stuart Bernstein, Esq.
Tara J. Davis, Esq.
363 Seventh ,{venue, Fifth Floor
New York, New York 10001
(212) 736-4s00
[email protected]
16
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[email protected]
[email protected]
Altorneys for Petitioner lr¡pg;
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VERIFICATION
STATE OF NEW YORK _ )
) ss:
COUNTY OF NEW YORK )
ANDREW MILTENBERG, being duly swom, deposes and says:
| I am counsel to the Petitioner in this matter. I have read the annexed Verified Petition, knows - Formatted: Justified }
the contents thereof, and the same is true to my knowledge, except as to matters alleged upon
information and belief and as to those matters, I believe them to be true.
| Signed under the pains and penalties of perjury, on this Baw day of OetebexNovember,
2026. \ r
Andtew Miltenberg, Esq-
18
PUBLIC DISCUSSION
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